Computer Engineer & Entrepreneur

Prem Gururajan retweeted
Mark Zuckerberg: “I don’t think that we need some kind of industry-wide coordination... I think that just each lab needs to take the time, and when it sees that there are issues, you just take the time that you need internally to make sure that you’re proceeding safely… “we’re entering a phase where trust and alignment is actually going to be the most important next set of capabilities. I think we’re getting to a point where it may not matter that much how much better it gets at math. “I happen to think that there’s plenty of commercial incentive to get this right. We delayed the launch of Muse for a few months because we wanted it to be a better product for users. This was not a sacrifice on our part, but rather the right decision for the users and for Meta. I believe this approach would also be correct for other companies working on developing this technology. “When you hear people in the industry talk about some trade-off between capabilities and getting it aligned, I just disagree with that. I believe that alignment is actually the next most important ability to master if we are going to make this system useful to many people.”
Chief Nerd
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Prem Gururajan retweeted
🚨 Waterloo is often described as the MIT of Canada. On CBC, Waterloo math instructor Dan Wolczuk describes first-year students arriving with inflated grades, missing foundational math skills, and unprepared for university math. The problem has worsened over time. He makes several important points: - High school math classes have been weakened so students can get better grades. - Less testing in high school and fewer standardized tests both hurt student learning and lead to grade inflation. - Grade inflation doesn't help students in the long run. It's demoralizing to get 99% in high school and fail your first calculus test b/c prerequisite knowledge isn't secure. - Some memorization is necessary in math. Math builds on itself and students need to be able to easily retrieve foundational knowledge. - The testing effect matters. More testing helps students retain information long term. - More low stakes testing also helps curb test anxiety. Dan thinks we need a national standardized test in Canada. I wholeheardedly agree. Link below (Excellent job by @KrissyHolmes CBC, Newfoundland & Labrador, Sept 9) @CBCNL 👇
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"by lowering the cost of code, we are going to do so much more with it. This will result in software becoming more useful and the leverage of engineers going up dramatically, which coincidentally will mean we need more of them, not fewer."
The world is going to be using coding agents for far more than anyone would have thought before. We’ll be building tools in all new categories, building software for companies that couldn’t afford it before, using agents to protect systems from cyber risk, automating research in life sciences, processing insane amounts of data in complex workflows, upgrading legacy systems and infrastructures, and hundreds of other use cases. In short, by lowering the cost of code, we are going to do so much more with it. This will result in software becoming more useful and the leverage of engineers going up dramatically, which coincidentally will mean we need more of them, not fewer.
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Prem Gururajan retweeted
Here is a memo to all Canadians: There are no protectionist paths to free trade. Its that simple.
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Prem Gururajan retweeted
Deployment of Roman confirmed
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First and second order reasoning clearly shows the solution - unilateral liberalization.
Canadian people, Phil is my co-author. One reason for this is that Phil is a tax historian and he knows the history of the tax code like no one else. Notice what follows from this. The strategically intelligent response is not retaliation, but unilateral liberalization. Section 338 (tied to a century-old piece of legislation) requires the President to find that Canada is discriminating against U.S. commerce, and several of the new American tariffs are explicitly justified by Canadian discriminatory or retaliatory measures. Remove those measures and Canada weakens the factual predicate on which the tariffs rest and strengthens the position of U.S. importers challenging them in American courts. In effect, American courts could then do for Mark Carney what he is trying to accomplish through retaliatory tariffs, without Canada taxing its own consumers in the process. True strategic intelligence actually aligns with economic common sense here.
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Prem Gururajan retweeted
Replying to @xenocosmography
And that is, of course, how it will be done. Sentient satellites, launched into Earth-Sun Lagrange points by mass drivers on the Moon, can solve global warming for ~1B years.
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Prem Gururajan retweeted
Canada’s response to American tariffs should be incredibly simple: slash our own tariffs and trade barriers. And do not impose counter-tariffs. Think about what retaliation actually means. Trump imposes a tax on Americans who buy Canadian goods. So our response is supposed to be…imposing a tax on Canadians who buy American goods? How exactly does making Canadians poorer punish Donald Trump? If the Trump admin wants to shoot itself in the foot, the Carney government is under no obligation to shoot Canadians in the face with a twelve gauge shotgun for the sake of "reciprocity" Instead, open Canada up. Eliminate tariffs. Eliminate non-tariff barriers. Make it cheaper for Canadians and Canadian firms to buy goods and inputs from Europe, Asia, Latin America and everywhere else. Give Canadian consumers more alternatives to American products and Canadian producers cheaper inputs with which to compete. And no, free trade does not require the other guy to be smart enough to reciprocate. Historically, a huge share of trade liberalization has been unilateral. This is especially true for small economies like Canada! The best response to American protectionism is not Canadian protectionism. It is to make Canada more competitive, more open, and harder for American tariffs to hurt. This the same message I was saying in 2025. Its the same that Canadian free traders said in the 1930s when facing the Smoot-Hawley tariff. Its the same that free traders like Richard Cobden made when arguing against food taxes/tariffs in the 1830s and 1840s.
My statement on Canada-U.S. trade negotiations:
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Prem Gururajan retweeted
The PM should share with Canadians the full details of what was on the table, what had been agreed, and what the "last-minute changes in the U.S. proposed terms" were that caused Canada to walk away Given the impacts, vague assertions of "we negotiated in good faith" probably won't cut it
PM Carney should explain this to Canadians in this way: “Every Canadian knows the feeling. You negotiate in good faith. You agree on a price. You shake hands. And then the other side comes back with a different number, betting that you are too far in to walk away. There is only one answer to that, and it is the same whether you are buying a truck or negotiating for a country. You stand up, and you leave. Not because you don’t want the deal. Because a deal with someone who changes the terms after the handshake is not a deal. It is an invitation to have the terms changed again.”
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The public needs to hear the details. We want transparency.
two sides of a story 🤔 Canada: "last-minute changes in the U.S. proposed terms were unfair, uneconomic, and called into question the reliability of any deal". US: "new demands and walk backs of other commitments by Canada have upended the careful balance reached in the past days" truly hope the public in both countries gets to learn the details of what actually transpired
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Prem Gururajan retweeted
Some thoughts on Dario’s post: 1. Dario does not actually address Gavin Baker’s account of what he said – something he could easily deny if it were inaccurate. 2. Dario claims his critics live in a “bubble” where all regulation equals regulatory capture. He calls this an overly simplified view and notes that “Many people outside this bubble think of regulation as something that constrains corporate power and benefits ordinary people.” This argument is a straw man. Of course treating all regulation as capture would be overly simplified – but almost no one holds that view. I have repeatedly argued for strong antitrust enforcement to keep industries competitive, especially Big Tech. If Anthropic continues toward monopoly or duopoly status, I would be among the first to demand those rules apply. 3. Regulatory capture is not vague or in the eye of the beholder. Nobel laureate George Stigler defined it as regulation acquired by an industry and designed and operated primarily for its benefit. Stigler challenged the traditional view that government regulation arises from a benevolent state protecting the public from market failures. Rather, industry groups have concentrated stakes and pour resources into influencing regulators, whereas the public’s stake is diffuse and unorganized. The revolving door between companies and the agencies that regulate them compounds the problem. Anthropic understands these dynamics: it has hired multiple senior Biden AI-policy officials and built a substantial government-affairs operation plus a network of aligned organizations to push its preferred frameworks at state and federal levels. 4. Dario has consistently pushed for a new federal agency to review and approve frontier models prior to release – a proposal framed variously as an “FDA for AI,” an “FAA for AI,” and most recently a “FINRA for AI.” I call it a “DMV for AI” because a review process modeled on the FAA or FDA (which takes years) or FINRA (which issues rules for a staid industry widely seen as protecting incumbents) will create long queues as AI models wait for testing and approval. This process will only become more labyrinthine as rules accumulate to prevent theoretical harms. This would handicap the U.S. relative to China, which will not adopt the same constraints. It would also undermine Anthropic’s own business model, whose pricing power depends on remaining ahead of open models. Whatever Dario states today, it is difficult to believe the company would simply accept outcomes that erase that advantage. 5. Anthropic is on track to become one of the most valuable companies in history, with the resources to navigate any approval process and shape the rules while competitors wait. Dario wants open models under heavier scrutiny – he has called them dangerous in Senate testimony, criticized them for not being centrally monitored or withdrawn, and linked them to IP theft. He says he has never sought a ban, but he could achieve a similar result by insisting that identical rules apply to both open and closed models. The U.S. risks becoming an island of costly closed models while the rest of the world races ahead with broader choice. 6. Dario acknowledges that AI is structurally centralizing but attributes this mainly to chips and scaling laws. Access to compute matters, but the deeper risk is who decides which capabilities are available to whom. His preferred pre-deployment testing and FAA/FINRA-style oversight would place that gatekeeping power in a federal bureaucracy working hand-in-glove with a small number of frontier labs – reinforcing centralization rather than countering it. 7. The second part of Dario’s post assumes we have amnesia about Anthropic’s well-orchestrated campaigns hyping AI fears. His May 2025 claim that AI would wipe out 50 percent of entry-level knowledge jobs within five years still lacks supporting evidence fifteen months later. Similarly Anthropic breathlessly promoted its heavily contrived “blackmail” study on 60 Minutes. Yet Dario blames public negativity on a long-standing loss of trust in institutions rather than his own messaging. 8. These narratives have done more than anything to shape public fear. People are left asking the same question Mark Zuckerberg posed: why race to build a future you describe in such negative terms? Thomas Sowell’s "The Vision of the Anointed" captures the mindset – elite intellectuals convinced that only they are enlightened enough to control the outcome. As Zuckerberg notes, concentrating power in the hands of an enlightened few has rarely produced the promised results; the practitioners turn out to be less enlightened in practice than in self-conception. 9. Gavin Baker summarized the disagreement cleanly on our pod: Dario believes frontier AI is too powerful to distribute; we believe it is too powerful to centralize. Dario appears to believe, sincerely, that safety and progress are best served by centralizing authority in a marriage of corporate and state power. The weight of human history gives us reason to fear that outcome.
1/2 Thanks Gavin for an especially thoughtful exchange. I don't usually spend much time on social media but I wanted to engage here because it really brings out the heart of an important conversation. First, on regulation, I think that “either concentrate it in the hands of a chosen few companies and politicians via regulation or distribute it widely” is a false choice.  I know that there’s a sort of Silicon Valley shorthand where regulation = regulatory capture = concentration of power, but I’ve always found this to be an overly simplified picture of the world.  Many people outside this bubble think of regulation as something that constrains corporate power and benefits ordinary people.  I don’t necessarily agree with that perspective either, rather I think it’s complicated and really depends on what the “regulation” consists of.  But in particular I think that those in the “regulation = regulatory capture = concentration of power” frame often underrate the decentralizing power of objective and fair institutional processes.  A crude analogy is that the formal court system can sometimes feel stuffy and elitist, but it does a much better job of defending the rights of vulnerable individuals than the alternative, mob justice.  At their best, institutions can vest power in ideas rather than people, and thereby decentralize that power. This is why Anthropic has always made its policy proposals very carefully.  We try very hard to make proposals that disadvantage (slow down) frontier AI companies while *advantaging* smaller competitors.  California’s SB53 (which we supported), and even the much-maligned SB 1047 (which we were ambivalent on), completely exempt any company below a certain amount of revenue or model training costs from being covered at all (it was $500M for SB 53, lower for 1047 but we objected to that).  More recently the testing process we’ve advocated for at CAISI and the White House involves more rigorous tests for frontier models than off-frontier models — something that differentially advantages challengers.  Similarly, the “Pacing the Frontier” letter envisions (or at least Anthropic’s preferred implementation of it envisions) modulating the pace of the very best models while not constraining those who are catching up.  This hurts the business interests of the frontier labs and helps challengers, including open-weights! Overall my view is that AI is *structurally* a technology that tends to concentrate power, for reasons that have nothing to do with regulation (more to do with the extreme implications of the scaling laws).  Open-weights do help some with this but are nowhere near a sufficient solution because they simply shift the concentration somewhat to those with the most compute and chips (which are roughly the frontier labs plus maybe hardware providers).  By contrast I think the right “rules of the road” can simultaneously (a) address AI’s cyber/bio/alignment risks, (b) institutionally constrain the power of the frontier AI companies, and (c) leave room for open-weights models while also addressing the specific risks that they bring. BTW I do not think that the events of the last few months have “failed to result in [my] preferred regulatory path”.  The approach that the Trump administration is reported to be taking — pre-deployment testing for frontier models, and also testing of open-weights models when they get closer to the frontier — is one that I am very supportive of, though of course I have to see the details to be sure.  I am also supportive of Demis Hassabis’ ideas around a FINRA-like entity.  This contrasts with six months ago when most of the industry was still pushing for preemption of all state regulation and no apparent federal approach either.
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"used to require years of ecological fieldwork, manual planting crews, and budgets that made large-scale restoration nearly impossible. now two people with a drone and an AI model trained on local soil data can replant 50 hectares before lunch"
i'm obsessed with what's happening in AI reforestation right now this Franco-Brazilian startup called MORFO took a patch of land in Brazil that was rock-hard and compacted from years of cattle farming. they replanted it using a single drone. months later the ground was covered in grass, bushes, and small trees. the land came back to life. here's how the whole thing works. 1. drones scan the terrain with high-resolution cameras and sensors 2. AI analyzes the imagery alongside soil samples, moisture levels, slope, and surrounding vegetation 3. the system picks from a catalog of 300+ native species, deciding exactly which plants will thrive in which specific spot 4. the drone fires biodegradable seed pods packed with seeds, nutrients, and moisture at 180 capsules per minute 5. satellite and drone imagery monitors regrowth over time, with AI tracking vegetation cover and biodiversity 6. two people and one drone cover 50 hectares a day. a person planting by hand manages about one hectare. and MORFO isn't alone. AirSeed in Australia drops 250,000 seed pods per day into bushfire-scarred koala habitat, replanting swamp mahogany that koalas depend on to survive. Flash Forest in Canada fires 50,000 pods daily into wildfire-destroyed boreal forest, planning the replanting alongside Cree Indigenous communities. re-green won Prince William's Earthshot Prize after planting 6 million seedlings across 30,000 hectares of Amazon and Atlantic Forest. five companies across four continents built this same approach independently. nobody coordinated. the physics of the problem demanded it. knowing which seeds belong in which soil used to require years of ecological fieldwork, manual planting crews, and budgets that made large-scale restoration nearly impossible. now two people with a drone and an AI model trained on local soil data can replant 50 hectares before lunch. this is the AI work that'll still matter in 50 years.
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Good morning. Last night at 8:51pm Mountain Time, the Valar Atomics Nuclear Operations team brought Ward 250 to 10kW thermal output. We held this power level throughout the night. This is another historic milestone from the Valar team, marking first nuclear power by a startup.
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Prem Gururajan retweeted
✈️ JUST IN: The X-59 has gone supersonic! The X-59 achieved supersonic speeds for the first time ever today — a major milestone for NASA’s Quesst mission and an important step toward upcoming flights that will demonstrate its quiet supersonic technology ahead of future community overflights. Fast now. Quiet soon. 🔊➡️🤫 Learn more: go.nasa.gov/4o8gENs #NASA #X59 #Quesst
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Prem Gururajan retweeted
A statement from the CEO of Windscribe.
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Prem Gururajan retweeted
C-22's architecture is most similar to laws in place in China, Russia, India and Vietnam. Among allied democracies, the closest analog is Australia's TOLA Act (2018), which Australia is now amending due to the economic harm it caused.
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Prem Gururajan retweeted
On the helicopter leaving the ship right now. This planet is impossibly beautiful from every altitude I’ve seen it…surface to 250,000 miles
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To build a sustained human presence on the Moon, we are building @NASAMoonBase, prioritizing surface operations and scalable infrastructure.  - Frequent robotic landings and mobility testing including MoonFall drones  - Starting in 2027 nearly monthly cadence of equipment and rovers with scientific payloads landing on the Moon.  - Investments in power, communications, and surface mobility  - Scalable infrastructure to support long-term human presence The objective is clear: build the foundation for an enduring lunar base and take the next step toward Mars.
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Prem Gururajan retweeted
the value of this technology will mostly not be captured by its inventors, the labs, or even the chipmakers, but rather will be captured by the consumers as surplus. these are highly competitive markets without any natural monopolistic effects like many other technologies before it, machine intelligence democratizes abilities previously only available to the wealthy, in this case by commoditizing the services of the white collar elite who mostly live in rich countries it’s not that there are no programmers, it’s that really anybody can make software now now so the “rents” of the “human capital” of knowing how to write JavaScript for example should shrink dramatically this will reduce the inequality between countries: services that previously required lots of human capital now require chatbot subscriptions at worst, or may even be given away for free you can receive medical advice worthy of a $1000/hr American specialist doctor likely for free while living under a thatched roof in eg Papua New Guinea somewhere while I think Americans have plenty of reason to be excited by AI, I would be more excited as someone in a poor country
The U.S. has a weird cultural relationship with AI Despite the fact that we’ve driven the vast majority of AI breakthroughs, we still rank among the lowest countries in terms of consumer trust (Data from Edelman 2025 study) 👇
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Prem Gururajan retweeted
🎉 CCF WINS! 🎉 The Federal Court of Appeal has upheld the ruling that the Trudeau government unlawfully invoked the Emergencies Act in 2022. This landmark victory protects Canadians' Charter rights and civil liberties, and sends a clear message: emergency powers have limits.
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