ALT Commuters stepping off a double-deck train at dusk while three white sensor-topped robotaxis wait in reserved spaces beside the platform. AI-generated illustration.

ALT Bar chart of Aurora's driverless truck figures: 200 trucks Aurora runs at end of 2026, 500 Hirschbach intends to own from 2027, and a 2030 target of more than 30,000.

ALT A plain white unbranded compact electric car with a small roof sensor dome rolls between two orange and white sawhorse barricades into a street farmers market during early-morning setup. White canopy tents, wooden produce crates and sunflowers line a tree-shaded street, with a city skyline and mountains in the distance. No people are in frame.

ALT A small white unbranded electric shuttle bus, boxy with large windows and no markings, stopped at a plain metal and glass curbside shelter on a quiet small-town street in late afternoon light. Low brick storefronts and houses sit back behind mature street trees. The shelter bench is empty and no people or other vehicles are in frame.

ALT A wide city street after heavy rain at dusk, lined with large live oak trees. Standing water covers the low point of the roadway and reflects the streetlights. A storm drain sits at the edge of the water along the curb, with low brick buildings set back behind the trees. The street is empty.

ALT The inside of an empty self-driving car seen from the back seat. The dashboard runs flat and unbroken across the cabin with no steering wheel and no pedals, two empty front seats, and a city street visible through the windshield.

ALT A utility-scale battery storage site in flat Texas scrubland at sunset. Two long rows of white outdoor battery cabinets sit on concrete pads, with heavy conduit and a transformer at the end of the row and power lines on the horizon.

ALT A quiet European city street at dusk in light rain. A sleek unmarked silver electric sedan with a small roof sensor pod waits at the curb while two people walk toward it, warm streetlights reflecting off wet cobblestones.

ALT Bar chart in black and gold titled Pricing the driverless mile. UK fuel duty today, 27 billion pounds a year. A proposed 88p per mile charge on self-driving cars, 47 billion pounds a year by 2050, per the Centre for British Progress.

ALT Bar chart in black and gold of Kodiak's Autonomy Readiness Measure: 84 percent in February, 86 in April, 91 in July, 93 at the end of August, against a year-end goal of 100.