Cuba rations sugar. The island that once supplied one-third of the world's sugar exports now tells its citizens they get five pounds per person per month, when supplies arrive at all, which they often do not.
Nationalization created this shortage. Fidel Castro nationalized the sugar industry beginning in 1960, seized the privately owned mills and plantations, and handed control to state administrators who had no skin in the game. By the 1990s, production had collapsed from 8 million metric tons annually to under 4 million. By 2023, Cuba produced roughly 350,000 tons. The land did not change, the climate did not change, but the incentive structure did.
A private mill owner in 1958 watched global sugar prices, maintained equipment, paid competitive wages to keep skilled workers, and expanded or contracted accordingly. Strip that owner out, replace him with a ministry bureaucrat whose salary arrives regardless of output, and the information loop breaks. Nobody loses money when the harvest fails. Nobody profits when it succeeds.
Capital does not wait around for better politics. The irrigation infrastructure, the milling equipment, the agronomic knowledge held by exiled plantation families, all of that dispersed across Florida and Spain decades ago. Reconstruction now costs multiples of what preservation would have cost.
Socialists point to the U.S. embargo as the culprit. Cuba trades sugar with dozens of countries. The embargo prevents American purchases, not Cuban production. A state that cannot organize harvests on some of the world's most fertile cane land lacks property rights, not trading partners.