8 years ago,
@arjunsethi published a thought leadership essay:
“How to Transform and Build a People Platform”
It was built around 4 simple key points:
1. Flatten the ladder.
2. Create clean interfaces and autonomy between teams.
3. Burn the ships.
4. Leave company culture underdetermined.
Today, I want to compare these ideas with what has actually happened at Kraken/Payward under his leadership.
How Arjun Sethi is rebuilding Kraken around ideas he wrote about 8 years ago
Arjun Sethi joined Payward, Kraken’s parent company, as co-CEO in October 2024.
What’s interesting is that many of the ideas behind Kraken’s current transformation were already laid out by Sethi back in 2018 in his essay How to Transform and Build a "People Platform".
His thesis was simple: as companies scale, they need fewer management layers, more autonomous teams, clear interfaces between them - and the courage to abandon the model that made them successful in the first place.
Today, Kraken looks increasingly like a real-world implementation of that philosophy.
1. Flatten the ladder
Sethi argued that growing companies tend to accumulate management layers until decision-making becomes slow and disconnected from the product.
That was one of the first problems Sethi and CEO Dave Ripley identified after taking on the new structure at Kraken.
They openly acknowledged that Kraken had accumulated too many organizational layers, with managers increasingly responsible for siloed P&Ls rather than directly building products.
The response was painful: Kraken cut roughly 15% of its workforce in late 2024 while restructuring around greater ownership for product, engineering and design leaders.
The idea wasn't to eliminate leadership.
It was to move decision-making closer to the people actually building the product.
2. Clean interfaces & autonomy
Sethi’s second principle was to build companies out of relatively autonomous teams connected by clear interfaces.
Look at
@krakenfx today.
It is no longer simply a crypto exchange.
The company now operates across:
crypto + stocks + ETFs + futures + derivatives + payments + institutional finance + DeFi.
Kraken launched equities and ETFs, built its own L2,
@inkonchain, expanded into payments and institutional brokerage, and aggressively entered regulated derivatives.
Then came the acquisitions.
In 2025, Kraken acquired NinjaTrader for $1.5B, bringing nearly 2 million futures traders into its ecosystem.
In 2026, Payward announced the acquisition of Bitnomial for up to $550M, giving Kraken access to a fully regulated US derivatives infrastructure.
These businesses don't have to function like one giant monolithic exchange.
They can operate as relatively independent products connected through a common platform.
That is almost exactly what Sethi described in 2018.
3. Burn the ships
This may be the most important part.
Kraken’s historical identity was simple:
crypto-native exchange.
That identity is now becoming too small.
The company is moving toward:
crypto → stocks → futures → derivatives → payments → institutional finance → DeFi.
The NinjaTrader acquisition is particularly telling.
Kraken didn't just add another asset class. It bought a major traditional futures platform.
Bitnomial takes the strategy even further: Kraken is building regulated financial infrastructure rather than simply offering crypto products inside a regulated wrapper.
The result is a company that increasingly sits between crypto-native finance and TradFi.
Kraken is no longer trying to become the best crypto exchange.
It is trying to make the distinction between crypto and traditional finance increasingly irrelevant.
That's the real “burn the ships” moment.
4. Leave culture undetermined
This one needs a nuance.
Sethi never argued that companies should have no culture.
His point was that culture shouldn't become a bureaucratic instruction manual.
Kraken still has a strong culture built around ownership, direct decision-making and individual responsibility.
But the model increasingly looks like:
Give people the context, define the goal, give them ownership - then let them decide how to get there.
Not 50 rules for every team.
This is essentially Sethi’s old idea of freedom + accountability applied at scale.
From crypto exchange to financial platform
The most interesting part of Kraken’s transformation isn't any single acquisition or product launch.
It’s the architecture.
Inside: fewer layers, more autonomy and ownership.
Outside: more independent products, businesses and financial verticals.
These two things are connected.
You cannot build crypto, equities, derivatives, payments, DeFi and institutional infrastructure as one giant centralized organization without eventually becoming slow and bureaucratic.
So Kraken is becoming something closer to a platform of platforms.
And that makes Sethi’s 2018 essay look surprisingly prescient.
He wrote about building organizations where autonomous teams could scale a company from the inside.
Eight years later, he joined Kraken - a company that had reached exactly the point where that model became necessary.
Now we can watch the same philosophy being applied both inside the organization and to the products it builds.
Maybe Sethi’s original thesis was never really about HR.
It was about architecture.
Build a company where autonomous teams can move fast.
Then build a platform where dozens of products can do the same.