You are showing American newspaper headlines from May 1948, but my point was that Jewish forces had already been on the offensive, had already displaced hundreds of thousands of Palestinians, and had already seized territory outside the area proposed for the Arab state before May 1948.
As I pointed out in the post you are replying to: “Jewish militias launched attacks against Palestinian villages, forcing thousands to flee following the November 1947 partition resolution, and the newly established Israeli forces launched a major offensive that resulted in the permanent displacement of more than half the Palestinian population.”
Did you actually read the post you are replying to? I specifically pointed out that before May 1948, Jewish forces had already seized territory outside the area the UN partition proposal had assigned to the proposed Jewish state.
The standard line—“the Jews declared Israel and then the Arabs attacked”—leaves out roughly six months of war that had already taken place before May 15, 1948.
Start with November 1947. The UN General Assembly did not create Israel by binding decree. Resolution 181 was a General Assembly recommendation for partition into a Jewish state, an Arab state, and an internationally administered Jerusalem. Jews were about 33% of Palestine’s population; Arabs were about 67%. The proposed Jewish state itself would have contained roughly 498,000 Jews and about 497,000 Arabs and Bedouins.
Palestinian Arabs rejected the partition proposal. The Jewish Agency formally accepted it, but Zionist acceptance was not uniform, and some important Zionist leaders regarded partition as a potentially temporary step rather than the final territorial settlement. Fighting then erupted between Palestinian Arab and Jewish forces. So, no, the war did not suddenly begin when neighboring Arab armies entered Palestine after Israel’s declaration.
And here is the part that so often disappears from the story: Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians had already become refugees before the armies of the neighboring Arab states entered the war.
Estimates commonly put the number at roughly 300,000 Palestinians already expelled or having fled the fighting before May 15, 1948. In other words, the Palestinian refugee crisis was already well underway before the interstate Arab-Israeli war began.
By spring 1948, Jewish forces were also conducting major offensive operations. A May 3 U.S. diplomatic report said Haganah operations had shifted from initially defensive operations to what it called a “defensive offensive,” while describing Irgun and Lehi operations such as Deir Yassin and the attack on Jaffa as aggressive.
Jewish forces had also moved outside the territory assigned to the proposed Jewish state in specific places before Israel’s declaration. Jaffa, which the UN plan designated as an Arab enclave, surrendered to Haganah on May 13—one day before Israel declared independence. U.S. reporting from that same day also noted Jewish occupation of areas along the Jerusalem–Tel Aviv road outside the partition boundaries.
Only after all of this, when the British Mandate ended and Israel declared independence on May 14, did the regular armies of Egypt, Transjordan, Syria, Iraq, and other Arab states enter Palestine. Contemporary British and U.S. reporting expected those forces to enter on May 15 and described Transjordan’s initial objective as occupying Arab areas of Palestine.
By May 1948, there had already been months of Arab-Jewish warfare, major Zionist military offensives, massacres and counterattacks, the capture of Palestinian towns, and roughly 300,000 displaced Palestinians.
Even the territorial ambitions were more complicated than the simple story that “the Zionists accepted partition and the Arabs rejected peace.” Menachem Begin’s Revisionist movement openly rejected partition, and Ben-Gurion had earlier described a partial Jewish state as a possible beginning rather than necessarily the final territorial settlement. That does not prove that every Zionist faction secretly followed one identical plan, but it does show why the claim that “the Zionists simply accepted the borders and wanted nothing more” erases important divisions and documented expansionist thinking within Zionism.
So if you are going to discuss who “attacked first,” you cannot simply start the clock on May 15, 1948. You have to discuss what had already happened between November 1947 and May 1948.