Let's say you get past step one.
You decide you actually do want to buy into the firm.
Now there are a few things you are going to want to understand before you start talking about the price.
The first is the difference between your economic interest and your voting interest.
They are not necessarily the same thing.
You might own 10% of the economics of the business, meaning you are entitled to 10% of the profits or distributions.
But that does not necessarily mean you have 10% of the voting power.
You could have a much smaller say in major decisions depending on how the ownership structure is set up.
The next question I would ask is how distributions work.
As an owner, you will typically be responsible for paying taxes on your share of the company's taxable income, whether or not all of that income is actually distributed to you.
If there is not a plan for regular ownership distributions, you could end up owing a pretty significant tax bill without having received enough cash from the business to cover it.
Once you understand those pieces, now you can start getting into the actual economics of the deal.
How much equity are you being offered?
How is the valuation determined?
What exactly are you buying?
How are future buy ins or dilution handled?
What happens if you want to sell your equity?
And what financing options are available to you?
You're a wealth advisor and the senior partners at your firm just offered you the opportunity to buy in.
Before you start looking at the economics, I'd ask a much more basic question.
Do you actually want to own this business?
This is where I think some of these deals can go wrong.
You have senior partners in their 50s or 60s.
You're in your 20s or 30s.
They want to start thinking about their exit, so they offer you an opportunity to buy in and become a partner.
On paper, it can look like a great opportunity.
But what happens if those senior partners sell the firm a few years later?
Now you're an equity owner in a business that you never would have chosen to join.
Your equity may still be illiquid.
You may be tied into an earnout.
And you could be subject to a multi year non compete or other restrictions if you decide you want out.
You went from being an employee with a pretty simple decision to being a minority owner with a complicated one.
So before you get too deep into the valuation, payout and buy in terms, figure out what you're actually buying into.
You aren't just buying equity in today's firm.
You're buying into whatever that firm becomes next.